基于单片机的智能停车场系统设计

摘要

随着城市机动车保有量的快速增长，停车场管理效率低、车位信息不透明、缴费流程繁琐等问题日益突出。传统停车场依赖人工引导和收费，不仅耗费人力成本，还易出现车位误判、计费误差等问题，影响用户停车体验。因此，研发一种集车位检测、智能引导、自动计费于一体的智能停车场系统具有重要的现实意义。

本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能停车场系统。系统核心功能包括：通过四个红外避障管实时检测四个车位的占用状态，每个车位配备红灯指示，车位占用时红灯点亮；车辆入场时，E18-D80NK 光电传感器触发检测，RFID-RC522 模块识别刷卡信息，车位未满时允许入场，同时 SG90 舵机抬杆，OLED 显示屏显示箭头指引（优先右车位，右满则左指，全满显示 “X”），车辆入场后栏杆放下并开始计费，CN-TTS 语音模块播报 “欢迎光临”；车辆离场时，再次刷卡停止计费，语音播报费用，通过 GM861S 扫码枪完成付费后，舵机自动抬杆，车辆离场后栏杆放下，语音播报 “欢迎下次光临”；OLED 显示屏实时展示空余车位数、停车时长及费用（每小时 5 元）；配备按键实现栏杆手动抬放控制。

该系统的作用在于提升停车场管理的智能化与高效性。通过自动车位检测与引导，减少用户寻位时间；RFID 刷卡与扫码付费结合，简化进出流程并确保计费准确；语音播报与显示反馈增强用户交互体验；手动按键控制作为应急保障，提升系统可靠性。此设计为小型停车场提供了低成本、易操作的智能化解决方案，有效优化了停车管理流程，提升了用户停车体验。

关键词：单片机；智能停车场；车位检测；RFID 识别；自动计费

Design of Intelligent Parking Lot System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

Abstract

With the rapid growth of urban motor vehicle ownership, problems such as low efficiency in parking lot management, opaque parking space information, and cumbersome payment processes have become increasingly prominent. Traditional parking lots rely on manual guidance and charging, which not only consumes labor costs, but also easily leads to problems such as misjudgment of parking spaces and billing errors, affecting the user's parking experience. Therefore, developing an intelligent parking lot system that integrates parking space detection, intelligent guidance, and automatic billing is of great practical significance.

This design proposes an intelligent parking lot system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of the occupancy status of four parking spaces through four infrared obstacle avoidance tubes, with each parking space equipped with a red light indicator, which lights up when the parking space is occupied; When the vehicle enters the site, the E18-D80NK photoelectric sensor triggers detection, and the RFID-RC522 module recognizes the card swiping information. Entry is allowed when the parking space is not full. At the same time, the SG90 servo motor lifts the pole, and the OLED display screen shows arrow guidance (priority for right parking space, left pointing when right is full, and "X" when full). After the vehicle enters the site, the railing is lowered and billing begins. The CN-TTS voice module broadcasts "Welcome"; When the vehicle leaves, swiping the card again will stop the billing, and the voice will announce the fee. After completing the payment through the GM861S barcode scanner, the servo will automatically lift the pole. After the vehicle leaves, the railing will be lowered, and the voice will announce "Welcome next time"; The OLED display screen displays real-time available parking spaces, parking hours, and fees (5 yuan per hour); Equipped with buttons to achieve manual lifting and lowering control of the railing.

The purpose of this system is to enhance the intelligence and efficiency of parking lot management. Reduce user search time through automatic parking spot detection and guidance; Combining RFID card swiping with QR code payment simplifies the entry and exit process and ensures accurate billing; Voice broadcasting and display feedback enhance user interaction experience; Manual button control serves as an emergency measure to enhance system reliability. This design provides a low-cost and easy-to-use intelligent solution for small parking lots, effectively optimizing the parking management process and enhancing the user parking experience.

Keywords：microcontroller; Intelligent parking lot; Parking space detection; RFID identification; Automatic billing