springboot怎么将事务设置为pending，等另外一个请求ok了，再做commit

在Spring Boot中实现跨请求的事务管理是一个复杂的需求，因为HTTP协议是无状态的，而数据库事务通常绑定在一个请求的上下文中。不过，有几种方案可以实现类似的效果：

方案1：使用编程式事务 + 状态存储（推荐）

1.1 手动控制事务边界

@Service public class DistributedTransactionService { @Autowired private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager; @Autowired private TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate; // 存储事务状态 private Map<String, TransactionStatus> transactionStore = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); /** * 第一阶段：开始事务并保存状态 */ public String startPendingTransaction() { DefaultTransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition(); def.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED); TransactionStatus status = transactionManager.getTransaction(def); String transactionId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); transactionStore.put(transactionId, status); // 执行业务操作 // yourBusinessLogic(); return transactionId; } /** * 第二阶段：提交事务 */ public void commitTransaction(String transactionId) { TransactionStatus status = transactionStore.get(transactionId); if (status != null) { try { // 执行业务验证 if (validateBusiness()) { transactionManager.commit(status); } else { transactionManager.rollback(status); } } finally { transactionStore.remove(transactionId); } } } /** * 回滚事务 */ public void rollbackTransaction(String transactionId) { TransactionStatus status = transactionStore.get(transactionId); if (status != null) { transactionManager.rollback(status); transactionStore.remove(transactionId); } } }

方案2：使用Saga模式（分布式事务）

2.1 添加依赖

<dependency> <groupId>io.eventuate.tram.sagas</groupId> <artifactId>eventuate-tram-sagas-spring-orchestration-simple-dsl</artifactId> <version>0.21.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency>

2.2 实现Saga协调器

public class TwoPhaseTransactionSaga implements SimpleSaga<TwoPhaseTransactionData> { @Autowired private TransactionService transactionService; @Override public SagaDefinition<SimpleSagaDsl<TwoPhaseTransactionData>, TwoPhaseTransactionData> getSagaDefinition() { return Saga .step() .invokeLocal(this::beginTransaction) .withCompensation(this::rollbackTransaction) .step() .invokeLocal(this::validateAndCommit) .build(); } private void beginTransaction(TwoPhaseTransactionData data) { // 开始事务，但不提交 transactionService.beginPendingTransaction(data.getTransactionId()); } private void validateAndCommit(TwoPhaseTransactionData data) { // 等待其他请求验证 boolean isValid = waitForValidation(data.getTransactionId()); if (isValid) { transactionService.commitTransaction(data.getTransactionId()); } else { throw new RuntimeException("Validation failed"); } } private void rollbackTransaction(TwoPhaseTransactionData data) { transactionService.rollbackTransaction(data.getTransactionId()); } }

方案3：使用数据库SAVEPOINT（适用于同一连接）

@Service public class SavepointTransactionService { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; public void executeWithPendingCommit() { Connection conn = null; Savepoint savepoint = null; try { conn = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource); conn.setAutoCommit(false); // 关闭自动提交 // 创建保存点 savepoint = conn.setSavepoint("pending_transaction"); // 执行第一阶段操作 jdbcTemplate.update("INSERT INTO table1 ..."); jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE table2 ..."); // 此时事务未提交，等待其他请求 // 在另一个请求中验证并提交 // validateAndCommit(conn, savepoint); } catch (Exception e) { if (savepoint != null) { conn.rollback(savepoint); } throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * 在另一个请求中调用 */ public void validateAndCommit(Connection conn, Savepoint savepoint) { try { // 执行业务验证 boolean isValid = validateBusinessLogic(); if (isValid) { conn.commit(); // 提交事务 } else { conn.rollback(savepoint); // 回滚到保存点 } } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { if (conn != null) { try { conn.setAutoCommit(true); conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { // 处理异常 } } } } }

方案4：使用消息队列实现最终一致性

@Service public class MessageBasedTransactionService { @Autowired private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate; @Autowired private TransactionalEventPublisher eventPublisher; /** * 第一阶段：发布事件但不提交 */ @Transactional public void phaseOne(String businessData) { // 保存业务数据 businessRepository.save(businessData); // 发布事件（在事务提交后才发送） eventPublisher.publishEvent(new TransactionPendingEvent(businessData)); } /** * 监听事件，执行第二阶段 */ @JmsListener(destination = "transaction.pending") public void handlePendingTransaction(TransactionPendingEvent event) { // 执行业务验证 boolean isValid = validateBusiness(event.getData()); if (isValid) { // 执行提交操作 commitTransaction(event.getTransactionId()); } else { // 执行回滚操作 rollbackTransaction(event.getTransactionId()); } } }

方案5：使用状态机管理事务状态

@Service public class StateMachineTransactionService { public enum TransactionState { PENDING, VALIDATING, COMMITTED, ROLLBACKED } public enum TransactionEvent { VALIDATE, COMMIT, ROLLBACK } @Transactional public String startTransactionWithStateMachine() { String transactionId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); // 创建状态机 StateMachine<TransactionState, TransactionEvent> stateMachine = stateMachineFactory.getStateMachine(transactionId); // 初始状态为PENDING stateMachine.sendEvent(TransactionEvent.VALIDATE); // 执行业务操作 executeBusinessLogic(); // 返回事务ID供后续查询 return transactionId; } @Transactional public void commitTransaction(String transactionId) { StateMachine<TransactionState, TransactionEvent> stateMachine = stateMachineFactory.getStateMachine(transactionId); if (stateMachine.getState().getId() == TransactionState.VALIDATING) { stateMachine.sendEvent(TransactionEvent.COMMIT); // 执行实际的提交逻辑 executeCommit(); } } }

最佳实践建议

考虑使用成熟的分布式事务框架：
- Seata
- Atomikos
- Narayana

设计注意事项：

// 1. 设置超时机制 @Transactional(timeout = 300) // 5分钟超时 // 2. 使用异步处理 @Async public CompletableFuture<String> processAsync() { // 异步处理 } // 3. 添加幂等性处理 public void processWithIdempotent(String idempotentKey) { if (processedKeys.contains(idempotentKey)) { return; // 已处理过 } // 执行业务逻辑 processedKeys.add(idempotentKey); }

清理机制：

@Component public class TransactionCleanupScheduler { @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 60000) // 每分钟清理一次 public void cleanupPendingTransactions() { // 清理超时的事务 transactionStore.entrySet().removeIf(entry -> isTransactionTimeout(entry.getValue()) ); } }