摘 要

随着生物科技的不断发展，二氧化碳生物培养箱在科研、医疗及工业生产等领域的应用日益广泛。为确保培养箱内的环境条件满足生物培养需求，设计一套基于单片机的智能控制系统显得尤为重要。

本设计采用STM32F103C8T6单片机为核心，通过SGP30传感器监测培养箱内的CO2浓度，并根据预设的最大值和最小值，自动控制通风风扇和增碳继电器的开关，以维持适宜的CO2浓度。DHT11传感器则用于监测温湿度，通过控制制冷片、加热片、通风风扇和加湿器的开关，实现温湿度的自动调节。通过OLED显示屏实时显示当前的环境参数，便于用户直观了解培养箱内的状况。在远程控制方面，系统通过WIFI模块将所有监测数据发送至手机端，用户可以通过手机APP远程查看数据、设置阈值并控制各继电器的打开个关闭。同时，本设计还添加了摄像头模块，实现了对培养箱的远程监控和数据留存功能，进一步提升了系统的智能化水平。

经过实际测试，该系统能够稳定、准确地监测并控制培养箱内的温湿度、CO2浓度等关键环境参数，有效满足了生物培养的需求。该系统不仅提高了生物培养的效率和成功率，还通过远程监控和数据留存功能，为用户提供了更加便捷和智能化的操作体验。

关键词：二氧化碳生物培养箱；单片机；STM32F103C8T6；智能控制；环境监测

ABSTRACT

With the continuous development of biotechnology, the application of carbon dioxide incubators in scientific research, medical and industrial production fields is becoming increasingly widespread. It is particularly important to design an intelligent control system based on a microcontroller to ensure that the environmental conditions inside the incubator meet the needs of biological cultivation.

This design uses STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller as the core, monitors the CO2 concentration inside the incubator through SGP30 sensor, and automatically controls the switch of ventilation fan and carbonization relay according to the preset maximum and minimum values to maintain the appropriate CO2 concentration. The DHT11 sensor is used to monitor temperature and humidity, and automatically adjusts the temperature and humidity by controlling the switches of the cooling plate, heating plate, ventilation fan, and humidifier. Real time display of current environmental parameters through OLED display screen, facilitating users to intuitively understand the condition inside the incubator. In terms of remote control, the system sends all monitoring data to the mobile phone through the WIFI module. Users can remotely view the data, set thresholds, and control the opening and closing of each relay through the mobile app. At the same time, this design also adds a camera module to achieve remote monitoring and data retention of the incubator, further enhancing the intelligence level of the system.

After practical testing, the system can stably and accurately monitor and control key environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration inside the incubator, effectively meeting the needs of biological cultivation. This system not only improves the efficiency and success rate of biological cultivation, but also provides users with a more convenient and intelligent operating experience through remote monitoring and data retention functions.

KEYWORDS:CO2 biological incubator; singlechip; STM32F103C8T6； Intelligent control; environmental monitoring