【C++STL】一文掌握 String 核心接口：从基础到实用！

，STL简介

1.1 什么是STL？

STL的概念：STL（Standard Template Library）是C++标准库的核心组成部分，提供了一套通用的模板类和函数，用于实现常见的数据结构和算法。

1.2 STL的六大组件

STL的六大组件是它的核心我们在学习STL的时候也是围绕着这六大组件来进行学习，下面看看六大组件都有哪些：

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1.3 如何学习STL

STL提供了一套通用的模板和函数，用于实现常见的数据结构，那么这些函数和数据结构我们首先要学会使用，其实就是了解一下这些数据结构的底层是如何实现的。所以学习STL的步骤就是1.学会使用 2.了解底层（后面的STL学习都会按照这两个步骤来学习）

声明

二，第一个STL容器—string

2.1 string的4个默认构造的使用

函数名称	功能说明
string()	构造空的string类对象，即空字符串（重点）
string(const char* s)	用C风格字符串（C-string）构造string类对象（重点）
string(size_t n, char c)	构造包含n个字符c的string类对象
string(const string& s)	通过拷贝另一个string类对象构造新对象（重点）

我们先来看看库里面的一些函数重载：

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代码语言：javascript

AI代码解释

void TestString1() { string s1;//创建一个空字符串对象 string s2("hello world");//构造 string s3(s2);//拷贝构造 cout << s3 << endl; string s4(s2, 1, 8);//相当于memcopy //string s4(s1, 1, 60); cout << s4 << endl; string s6(s2, 1);//不写长度那就从1开始拷贝 直到s2被拷贝完 cout << s6 << endl; const char* str1 = "hello word"; string s7(str1,5); //使用char* 的字符串构造 cout << s7 << endl; string s8(100, '*');//将s8初始化成100个* cout << s8 << endl; //赋值运算符重载 s1.operator=() s1 = s2; s1 = "*******"; cout << s1 << endl; }

还有一个析构函数用于释放string内部的资源，在模拟实现部分会详细说明。

三，初识迭代器

3.1 使用迭代器遍历string

学习一个数据结构就要学会它的遍历，因为在使用数据结构的时候我们常常会修改数据结构内部的值，如果我们要一一进行修改那么就一定会用到遍历。在学习C语言的时候常见的遍历方式是使用for循环，while循环等，借助循环来遍历。而C++搞了一个新的遍历方式叫迭代器，它是所有的主流遍历方式，下面我们重点讲解它。

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