React 表单与事件
本章节我们将讨论如何在 React 中使用表单。
HTML 表单元素与 React 中的其他 DOM 元素有所不同,因为表单元素生来就保留一些内部状态。
在 HTML 当中，像 <input>, <textarea>, 和 <select> 这类表单元素会维持自身状态，并根据用户输入进行更新。但在React中，可变的状态通常保存在组件的状态属性中，并且只能用 setState() 方法进行更新。
一个简单的实例
在实例中我们设置了输入框 input 值 value = {this.state.data}。在输入框值发生变化时我们可以更新 state。我们可以使用 onChange 事件来监听 input 的变化，并修改 state。
React 实例
class HelloMessage extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {value: 'Hello Runoob!'};
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({value: event.target.value});
}
render() {
var value = this.state.value;
return <div>
<input type="text" value={value} onChange={this.handleChange} />
<h4>{value}</h4>
</div>;
}
}
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root"));
root.render(
<HelloMessage />
);
尝试一下 »
上面的代码将渲染出一个值为 Hello Runoob! 的 input 元素，并通过 onChange 事件响应更新用户输入的值。
实例 2
在以下实例中我们将为大家演示如何在子组件上使用表单。 onChange 方法将触发 state 的更新并将更新的值传递到子组件的输入框的 value 上来重新渲染界面。
你需要在父组件通过创建事件句柄 (handleChange) ，并作为 prop (updateStateProp) 传递到你的子组件上。
React 实例
class Content extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<input type="text" value={this.props.myDataProp} onChange={this.props.updateStateProp} />
<h4>{this.props.myDataProp}</h4>
</div>
);
}
}
class HelloMessage extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = { value: 'Hello Runoob!' };
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({ value: event.target.value });
}
render() {
var value = this.state.value;
return (
<div>
<Content myDataProp={value} updateStateProp={this.handleChange} />
</div>
);
}
}
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));
root.render(<HelloMessage />);
尝试一下 »
Select 下拉菜单
在 React 中，不使用 selected 属性，而在根 select 标签上用 value 属性来表示选中项。
React 实例
class FlavorForm extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {value: 'coconut'};
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({value: event.target.value});
}
handleSubmit(event) {
alert('Your favorite flavor is: ' + this.state.value);
event.preventDefault();
}
render() {
return (
<form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
<label>
选择您最喜欢的网站
<select value={this.state.value} onChange={this.handleChange}>
<option value="gg">Google</option>
<option value="rn">Runoob</option>
<option value="tb">Taobao</option>
<option value="fb">Facebook</option>
</select>
</label>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
);
}
}
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root"));
root.render(
<FlavorForm />
);
尝试一下 »
多个表单
当你有处理多个 input 元素时，你可以通过给每个元素添加一个 name 属性，来让处理函数根据 event.target.name 的值来选择做什么。
React 实例
class Reservation extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
isGoing: true,
numberOfGuests: 2
};
this.handleInputChange = this.handleInputChange.bind(this);
}
handleInputChange(event) {
const target = event.target;
const value = target.type === 'checkbox' ? target.checked : target.value;
const name = target.name;
this.setState({
[name]: value
});
}
render() {
return (
<form>
<label>
是否离开:
<input
name="isGoing"
type="checkbox"
checked={this.state.isGoing}
onChange={this.handleInputChange} />
</label>
<br />
<label>
访客数:
<input
name="numberOfGuests"
type="number"
value={this.state.numberOfGuests}
onChange={this.handleInputChange} />
</label>
</form>
);
}
}
尝试一下 »
React 事件
以下实例演示通过 onClick 事件来修改数据：
React 实例
class HelloMessage extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {value: 'Hello Runoob!'};
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({value: '菜鸟教程'})
}
render() {
var value = this.state.value;
return <div>
<button onClick={this.handleChange}>点我</button>
<h4>{value}</h4>
</div>;
}
}
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root"));
root.render(
<HelloMessage />
);
尝试一下 »
当你需要从子组件中更新父组件的 state 时，你需要在父组件通过创建事件句柄 (handleChange) ，并作为 prop (updateStateProp) 传递到你的子组件上。实例如下：
React 实例
class Content extends React.Component {
render() {
return <div>
<button onClick = {this.props.updateStateProp}>点我</button>
<h4>{this.props.myDataProp}</h4>
</div>
}
}
class HelloMessage extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {value: 'Hello Runoob!'};
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({value: '菜鸟教程'})
}
render() {
var value = this.state.value;
return <div>
<Content myDataProp = {value}
updateStateProp = {this.handleChange}></Content>
</div>;
}
}
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root"));
root.render(
<HelloMessage />
);
尝试一下 »
React AJAXReact Refs
1 篇笔记 写笔记
杨笑
117***1030@qq.com
51
父组件和子组件都用表单:
class HelloMessageChild extends React.Component {
render(){
return <div>
<input type="text" value={this.props.myDataProp} onChange={this.props.updateStateProp} />
<h4>子组件显示：{this.props.myDataProp}</h4>
</div>;
}
}
class HelloMessage extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {value: '父组件',value1:"子组件"};
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
this.handleChange1 = this.handleChange1.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({value: event.target.value});
}
handleChange1(event) {
this.setState({value1: event.target.value});
}
render() {
var value = this.state.value;
var value1 = this.state.value1;
return <div>
<table><tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<input type="text" value={value} onChange={this.handleChange} />
<h4>父组件显示：{value}</h4>
</td>
<td>
<HelloMessageChild myDataProp = {value1} updateStateProp = {this.handleChange1} />
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>;
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}
}
ReactDOM.render(
<HelloMessage />,
document.getElementById('formexmple')
);
)
)
