都是碳素管惹的祸：双通道电磁导航测量

简介：本文探讨了双通道电磁导航电路板中碳素管导电性对测量结果的影响。实验发现，使用导电的碳素管固定电感会产生严重干扰，改用绝缘胶水固定后测量数值趋于稳定。测试数据显示两路电磁信号增益存在30%差异，且输出波形不符合预期的正弦整流特性。通过Python代码实现了角度与电压数据的采集分析，为进一步研究电磁信号特性提供了实验基础。结果表明，材料导电性对电磁测量精度具有重要影响。

关键词：碳素管，电磁导航

都是碳素管惹的祸

双通道电磁导航电路板
碳素管是否导电？

01碳素管的问题

一、碳素管

刚才测量了双路电磁检测电路板的功能。对于两个正交的电感的信号进行测量。这两个电感方向正交，通过碳素管固定在舵机上改变角度。但是令人感到不解的是，测量数值中存在着非常严重的干扰。这就不得让人怀疑人生。后来猜测，是否因为固定碳素管所导致的干扰呢？因为在以前，测试过碳素管的导电特性。碳素管是电的良导体。为了验证是碳素管的问题，下面将两个电感固定在一颗铝壳上，通过绝缘胶水进行固定。此时，测量电路显示数值非常稳定了。接下来，就在这种配置下测量不同角度下两个电感输出 150kHz 电磁信号的幅值。

二、测量结果

测试结果显示，噪声就非常小。现在看来，两路测量结果有点奇怪。首先，两路电磁信号增益不相同。相差了大约 30%左右。第二个奇怪的是，随着角度的变换，似乎两路输出并不是正弦的整流波形。不过这一点还可以通过两个线圈在磁场中的方向进行解释。关于这一点，后面再进行分析吧。

#!/usr/local/bin/python# -*- coding: gbk -*-#============================================================# TEST1.PY -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2025-12-30## Note:#============================================================fromheadmimport*fromtsmodule.tsvisaimport*fromtsmodule.tsstm32import*#------------------------------------------------------------dg1062open(125)ddim=linspace(5,25,100)v1dim=[]v2dim=[]#------------------------------------------------------------printf("\a")dh1766volt1(5)dg1062duty(1,ddim[0])time.sleep(3)#------------------------------------------------------------forid,dinenumerate(ddim):dh1766volt1(5)time.sleep(1)dg1062duty(1,d)time.sleep(1)dh1766volt1(0)time.sleep(1.5)ispclearreceive()ispsend()time.sleep(.5)ispcopyreceive()time.sleep(.5)strall=clipboard.paste().split("\r\n")printff(id,d,strall)s=strall[3].split(' ')v1dim.append(float(s[0]))v2dim.append(float(s[1]))tspsave("angle",ddim=ddim,v1dim=v1dim,v2dim=v2dim)#------------------------------------------------------------dh1766volt1(5)dg1062duty(1,ddim[0])#------------------------------------------------------------plt.plot(ddim,v1dim,lw=3,label='Angle1')plt.plot(ddim,v2dim,lw=3,label='Angle2')plt.xlabel("Angle",color="steelblue",fontsize=24)plt.ylabel("Voltage",color="steelblue",fontsize=24)plt.grid(True,which='both',linestyle='--',alpha=0.7)plt.legend(loc="upper right",fontsize=24)plt.tight_layout()plt.show()#------------------------------------------------------------#------------------------------------------------------------printf("\a")#------------------------------------------------------------# END OF FILE : TEST1.PY#============================================================

ddim=[5.0000,5.2020,5.4040,5.6061,5.8081,6.0101,6.2121,6.4141,6.6162,6.8182,7.0202,7.2222,7.4242,7.6263,7.8283,8.0303,8.2323,8.4343,8.6364,8.8384,9.0404,9.2424,9.4444,9.6465,9.8485,10.0505,10.2525,10.4545,10.6566,10.8586,11.0606,11.2626,11.4646,11.6667,11.8687,12.0707,12.2727,12.4747,12.6768,12.8788,13.0808,13.2828,13.4848,13.6869,13.8889,14.0909,14.2929,14.4949,14.6970,14.8990,15.1010,15.3030,15.5051,15.7071,15.9091,16.1111,16.3131,16.5152,16.7172,16.9192,17.1212,17.3232,17.5253,17.7273,17.9293,18.1313,18.3333,18.5354,18.7374,18.9394,19.1414,19.3434,19.5455,19.7475,19.9495,20.1515,20.3535,20.5556,20.7576,20.9596,21.1616,21.3636,21.5657,21.7677,21.9697,22.1717,22.3737,22.5758,22.7778,22.9798,23.1818,23.3838,23.5859,23.7879,23.9899,24.1919,24.3939,24.5960,24.7980,25.0000]v1dim=[4.5916,4.5778,4.5316,4.4725,4.3885,4.3023,4.2073,4.1057,3.9867,3.8618,3.6707,3.5553,3.3795,3.2060,3.0320,2.8477,2.6779,2.4598,2.2381,2.0310,1.7970,1.5850,1.3380,1.1515,0.9580,0.7620,0.6051,0.4933,0.4957,0.6110,0.7865,0.9832,1.1690,1.4259,1.6258,1.8144,2.0519,2.2616,2.4486,2.6188,2.8137,2.9642,3.1174,3.2945,3.4261,3.5600,3.6964,3.8871,4.0175,4.1484,4.2643,4.3680,4.5119,4.5988,4.7168,4.7898,4.8598,4.9408,5.0166,5.0794,5.1187,5.1601,5.1865,5.1978,5.2039,5.2004,5.1815,5.1298,5.0914,5.0470,4.9777,4.8860,4.8254,4.6758,4.6137,4.4799,4.3348,4.1629,3.9769,3.8503,3.6219,3.4138,3.2209,3.0094,2.7512,2.5435,2.2840,2.0354,1.8296,1.5668,1.3241,1.0917,0.9027,0.7226,0.5714,0.4894,0.5245,0.6190,0.8016,1.0207]v2dim=[3.1622,3.1827,3.1930,3.1870,3.1818,3.1687,3.1475,3.1123,3.0769,3.0353,2.9530,2.9026,2.8284,2.7512,2.6771,2.5797,2.5031,2.3963,2.2680,2.1598,2.0322,1.9098,1.7726,1.6529,1.5214,1.3945,1.2657,1.1089,0.9815,0.8609,0.7416,0.6472,0.5776,0.5241,0.5386,0.5847,0.6621,0.7800,0.8969,0.9941,1.1258,1.2241,1.3431,1.4685,1.5628,1.6719,1.7871,1.9355,2.0323,2.1486,2.2540,2.3528,2.4612,2.5624,2.6726,2.7532,2.8306,2.9166,3.0113,3.0802,3.1549,3.2082,3.2800,3.3372,3.3669,3.4069,3.4422,3.4614,3.4716,3.4813,3.4944,3.4771,3.4621,3.4257,3.4054,3.3548,3.2996,3.2277,3.1417,3.0902,2.9825,2.8805,2.7855,2.6818,2.5320,2.4140,2.2736,2.1328,2.0077,1.8584,1.7133,1.5613,1.4434,1.3075,1.1721,1.0344,0.8992,0.7946,0.6847,0.5941]