PlantUML 总结

1. 概述

PlantUML 是一个开源工具，允许用户通过简单的文本描述来生成各种UML图表。它支持多种图表类型，包括但不限于序列图、用例图、类图、活动图等。

2. 基本概念

2.1 开始和结束标记

• @startuml 和 @enduml：用于标记PlantUML代码块的开始和结束。

@startuml
...
@enduml

2.2 标题

• title：为图表添加标题。

title My First PlantUML Activity Diagram

3. 活动图的基本元素

3.1 开始与结束

• start 和 stop：表示流程的开始和结束。

start
:Begin Process;
stop

3.2 动作（Action）

• :ActionName;：表示一个具体的操作或步骤。

start
:Initialize System;
stop

3.3 条件分支

• if (condition) then (yes) 和 else：用于条件判断。

start
if (Is Valid Input?) then (yes):Process Data;
else (no):Log Error;
endif
stop

3.4 循环

• while (condition) 和 endwhile：用于循环操作。

start
while (More Data to Process?):Fetch Data;
endwhile
stop

3.5 并发处理

• fork 和 end fork：用于表示并发执行的操作。

start
fork:Task A;
fork again:Task B;
end fork
stop

4. 高级用法

4.1 分区（Partition）

• partition "Name"：用于将流程分组，便于组织和可视化。

partition "Data Processing" #LightBlue {:Fetch Data;:Process Data;
}

4.2 注释

• note left 或 note right：用于在图表中添加注释。

start
:Initialize System;
note right: This is the initialization step.
stop

4.3 参与者（Actor）

• actor ActorName：用于表示系统外部的人或实体。

actor User
participant "Web Browser" as WB
participant "Server" as SUser -> WB: Open Home Page
WB -> S: Request Home Page
S -> WB: Return Home Page Content
WB -> User: Show Home Page

4.4 返回箭头

• 在序列图中，可以明确显示返回值。

actor User
participant "Web Browser" as WB
participant "Server" as SUser -> WB: Login Request
activate WB
WB -> S: Forward Login Request
activate S
S -> WB: Authentication Result
return Authenticated Successfully
deactivate S
WB -> User: Display Dashboard
deactivate WB

5. 示例

5.1 简单流程图

@startuml
title Simple Process Examplestartpartition "Process A" #LightBlue {:Step 1;if (Condition?) then (yes):Step 2;else (no):Step 3;endif
}partition "Process B" #LightGreen {fork:Step 4;fork again:Step 5;end fork
}stop@enduml

5.2 包含异常处理的流程图

@startuml
title Exception Handling Examplestart
:Start Process;
if (Is Valid Input?) then (yes):Process Data;
else (no):Log Error;stop
endif
:Finish Process;
stop@enduml

5.3 复杂条件分支和循环

@startuml
title Complex Conditions and Loopsstart
while (More Data to Process?):Fetch Data;if (Data Valid?) then (yes):Process Data;else (no):Log Error;endif
endwhile
:Finalize Processing;
stop@enduml

6. 自定义皮肤参数

你可以通过设置皮肤参数来自定义图表的外观。

@startuml
skinparam monochrome true
skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC
skinparam sequence {ArrowColor DeepSkyBlueActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlueLifeLineBorderColor blueLifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF
}actor User
participant "Web Browser" as WB
participant "Server" as SUser -> WB: Login Request
activate WB
WB -> S: Forward Login Request
activate S
S -> WB: Authentication Result
return Authenticated Successfully
deactivate S
WB -> User: Display Dashboard
deactivate WB
@enduml

7. 更多图表类型

除了活动图，PlantUML还支持其他多种图表类型，如用例图、类图、时序图等。

7.1 用例图

@startuml
actor User
actor Adminusecase UC1 as "Login"
usecase UC2 as "Register"
usecase UC3 as "Manage Users"User --> UC1
Admin --> UC1
Admin --> UC2
Admin --> UC3
@enduml

7.2 类图

@startuml
class Animal {+name: String+age: int+eat()
}class Dog {+bark()
}Animal <|-- Dog
@enduml

7.3 时序图

@startuml
actor User
participant "Web Browser" as WB
participant "Server" as SUser -> WB: Login Request
activate WB
WB -> S: Forward Login Request
activate S
S -> WB: Authentication Result
return Authenticated Successfully
deactivate S
WB -> User: Display Dashboard
deactivate WB
@enduml